Like the Palmaria, the Centauro 155 is an Italian self-propelled gun, but where the Palmaria boasts tracks and a very long cannon, the Centauro trades some firepower on mobility, being built on a rather agile and fast Centauro platform.
The history of the Centauro program goes back to the late 80s and very early 90s, when the Italian military issued a request for a tank destroyer with firepower equal to the older Leopard 1 main battle tank (and its Italian derivate, the OF-40). Both vehicles carry advanced versions of the British Royal Ordnance 105mm L7 rifled cannon and it was that weapon caliber that was selected for the tank destroyer project.
Another important demand was increased mobility for the entire platform. Experiments and evaluations eventually led to the decision to make the tank destroyer a wheeled vehicle with a turret mounted 105mm rifled gun (105mm low-recoil OTO Melara). The vehicle eventually entered production and service in 1991 under the designation of B1 Centauro and to this day well over 500 vehicles based on the Centauro platform have been built (including the Freccia IFV). Most of them are serving with the Italian military, but some were exported to Spain (84), Jordan (141) and Oman (9). The Jordanian Centauro vehicles, however, come from Italian surplus.
There are (for now) four Centauro variants available in Armored Warfare:
Centauro 105 (or the classic B1 Centauro)
Centauro 120 (B1 Centauro, re-armed with a 120mm gun)
Centauro 155 (a self-propelled gun on Centauro chassis)
DRACO (a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun in real life, a tank destroyer in Armored Warfare)
The Centauro 155 (also called “Porcupine”, or Centauro 155/39LW) is a prototype self-propelled howitzer built on the Centauro chassis. As its name suggests, it’s armed with a lightweight FH-70 155mm L/39 gun, co-developed by Vickers, OTO Melara and Rheinmetall from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s as a unified future howitzer for the NATO forces. The development of this howitzer is an interesting story of its own, taking more than fifteen years with the United States (originally also a party of the program) splitting away due to disagreements and going their own way. The FH-70 (named after the year it was supposed to be fielded) eventually came into service in 1980.
The gun is automatically loaded and installed in an unmanned turret. Its maximum depression is -5 degrees, its maximum elevation is +75 degrees and it is, thanks to its advanced Fire Control System, capable of 4 round simultaneous impact fire (it can fire up to four rounds in the air in such trajectories that they all impact at the same time). Its standard rate of fire is around 8 rounds per minute and it fires all kinds of 155mm NATO standard rounds (weighing 40-50kg), including the VULCANO guided shell.
The maximum range is around 30 kilometers but it can be, using rocket-assisted ammunition, improved to up to 60 kilometers. Naturally, there are some limitations to the system as well compared to much larger SPGs equipped with the same caliber. It’s worth noting that, in real life, it takes three minutes for the vehicle to become ready to fire from full stop and the turret traverse is limited to 15 degrees to each side in order for the recoil not to cause unacceptable chassis stability loss. The vehicle also carries only 15 shells in total and relies heavily on ammunition carriers travelling with it – this limitation is, in fact, something intentionally introduced to the design and compensated by making it quite easy to reload the ammunition to the automatic feed – it takes the crew mere 10 minutes to fully reload the vehicle with ammo from outside, providing they are helped by the accompanying soldiers – after all, due to its unmanned turret nature, the Centauro 155 only has two crew members: the driver and the commander (who also targets the gun). The driver is sitting in the front while the commander is sitting under the turret, right next to an ammunition rack. They both have cutting edge electronics at their disposal (including the option to connect to a battlefield management system), making the Porcupine fully prepared for the 21st century combat.
The vehicle only weighs 25 tons in total (much less than other self-propelled guns equipped with a comparable gun), making it quite mobile. It’s powered by a 520hp IVECO MTCA diesel, allowing it to go as fast as 100 km/h – the vehicle can easily keep up with the Centauro/Freccia IFVs (it’s worth noting that the B1 Centauro only weighs 1 ton less). It is also sufficiently agile thanks to its double-axle steering system – the first and second axles both steer the vehicle, improving its turning radius considerably.
The armor, however, is not very thick, resulting in only very limited protection levels – after all, the vehicle’s not supposed to find itself in direct combat. The unmanned turret is practically unprotected and the hull offers only limited protection against armor-piercing heavy machinegun bullets and (frontally) small autocannon rounds.
A mock-up of the Centauro 155 was shown during a June 2011 military parade in Italy and the prototype was unveiled during the 2012 EUROSATORY expo with the intention to present it to the Italian army as an interesting, mobile counterpart to the heavy Panzerhaubitze 2000, also used by the Italians. It attracted a lot of public attention, but apparently not enough to get it accepted in service or mass-produced and it remained in prototype stage.
In Armored Warfare, the Centauro 155 is the only Tier 10 Self-Propelled Gun in the game. It is rather unique – for its class it is fairly mobile, especially when going forward on hard surfaces, allowing it to perform tactical relocations rather quickly and to always stay in solid positions. It can even outrun some enemy vehicles should they slip past your teammates.
It also has a rather interesting development history – early in the Armored Warfare development, it started as a Tank Destroyer and quickly became infamous for its massive damage per shot, allowing it, in some cases, to destroy even high level targets with a single round. After several attempts to re-balance it, it was removed from the game and overhauled to become a Tier 10 Self-Propelled Gun to better reflect its real-life counterpart.
As a SPG, it is – for the moment – restricted to the PvE mode. We are, however, running a number of internal experiments with the SPG class in order to determine whether it would be possible to return it to all the Armored Warfare modes in a heavily modified form. It is, however, too early to tell and for the foreseeable future, the Centauro 155 will stay restricted to the PvE mode. And on that terrible disappointment, it’s time to conclude today’s Vehicles in Focus article.
Like the Palmaria, the Centauro 155 is an Italian self-propelled gun, but where the Palmaria boasts tracks and a very long cannon, the Centauro trades some firepower on mobility, being built on a rather agile and fast Centauro platform.
The history of the Centauro program goes back to the late 80s and very early 90s, when the Italian military issued a request for a tank destroyer with firepower equal to the older Leopard 1 main battle tank (and its Italian derivate, the OF-40). Both vehicles carry advanced versions of the British Royal Ordnance 105mm L7 rifled cannon and it was that weapon caliber that was selected for the tank destroyer project.
Another important demand was increased mobility for the entire platform. Experiments and evaluations eventually led to the decision to make the tank destroyer a wheeled vehicle with a turret mounted 105mm rifled gun (105mm low-recoil OTO Melara). The vehicle eventually entered production and service in 1991 under the designation of B1 Centauro and to this day well over 500 vehicles based on the Centauro platform have been built (including the Freccia IFV). Most of them are serving with the Italian military, but some were exported to Spain (84), Jordan (141) and Oman (9). The Jordanian Centauro vehicles, however, come from Italian surplus.
There are (for now) four Centauro variants available in Armored Warfare:
Centauro 105 (or the classic B1 Centauro)
Centauro 120 (B1 Centauro, re-armed with a 120mm gun)
Centauro 155 (a self-propelled gun on Centauro chassis)
DRACO (a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun in real life, a tank destroyer in Armored Warfare)
The Centauro 155 (also called “Porcupine”, or Centauro 155/39LW) is a prototype self-propelled howitzer built on the Centauro chassis. As its name suggests, it’s armed with a lightweight FH-70 155mm L/39 gun, co-developed by Vickers, OTO Melara and Rheinmetall from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s as a unified future howitzer for the NATO forces. The development of this howitzer is an interesting story of its own, taking more than fifteen years with the United States (originally also a party of the program) splitting away due to disagreements and going their own way. The FH-70 (named after the year it was supposed to be fielded) eventually came into service in 1980.
The gun is automatically loaded and installed in an unmanned turret. Its maximum depression is -5 degrees, its maximum elevation is +75 degrees and it is, thanks to its advanced Fire Control System, capable of 4 round simultaneous impact fire (it can fire up to four rounds in the air in such trajectories that they all impact at the same time). Its standard rate of fire is around 8 rounds per minute and it fires all kinds of 155mm NATO standard rounds (weighing 40-50kg), including the VULCANO guided shell.
The maximum range is around 30 kilometers but it can be, using rocket-assisted ammunition, improved to up to 60 kilometers. Naturally, there are some limitations to the system as well compared to much larger SPGs equipped with the same caliber. It’s worth noting that, in real life, it takes three minutes for the vehicle to become ready to fire from full stop and the turret traverse is limited to 15 degrees to each side in order for the recoil not to cause unacceptable chassis stability loss. The vehicle also carries only 15 shells in total and relies heavily on ammunition carriers travelling with it – this limitation is, in fact, something intentionally introduced to the design and compensated by making it quite easy to reload the ammunition to the automatic feed – it takes the crew mere 10 minutes to fully reload the vehicle with ammo from outside, providing they are helped by the accompanying soldiers – after all, due to its unmanned turret nature, the Centauro 155 only has two crew members: the driver and the commander (who also targets the gun). The driver is sitting in the front while the commander is sitting under the turret, right next to an ammunition rack. They both have cutting edge electronics at their disposal (including the option to connect to a battlefield management system), making the Porcupine fully prepared for the 21st century combat.
The vehicle only weighs 25 tons in total (much less than other self-propelled guns equipped with a comparable gun), making it quite mobile. It’s powered by a 520hp IVECO MTCA diesel, allowing it to go as fast as 100 km/h – the vehicle can easily keep up with the Centauro/Freccia IFVs (it’s worth noting that the B1 Centauro only weighs 1 ton less). It is also sufficiently agile thanks to its double-axle steering system – the first and second axles both steer the vehicle, improving its turning radius considerably.
The armor, however, is not very thick, resulting in only very limited protection levels – after all, the vehicle’s not supposed to find itself in direct combat. The unmanned turret is practically unprotected and the hull offers only limited protection against armor-piercing heavy machinegun bullets and (frontally) small autocannon rounds.
A mock-up of the Centauro 155 was shown during a June 2011 military parade in Italy and the prototype was unveiled during the 2012 EUROSATORY expo with the intention to present it to the Italian army as an interesting, mobile counterpart to the heavy Panzerhaubitze 2000, also used by the Italians. It attracted a lot of public attention, but apparently not enough to get it accepted in service or mass-produced and it remained in prototype stage.
In Armored Warfare, the Centauro 155 is the only Tier 10 Self-Propelled Gun in the game. It is rather unique – for its class it is fairly mobile, especially when going forward on hard surfaces, allowing it to perform tactical relocations rather quickly and to always stay in solid positions. It can even outrun some enemy vehicles should they slip past your teammates.
It also has a rather interesting development history – early in the Armored Warfare development, it started as a Tank Destroyer and quickly became infamous for its massive damage per shot, allowing it, in some cases, to destroy even high level targets with a single round. After several attempts to re-balance it, it was removed from the game and overhauled to become a Tier 10 Self-Propelled Gun to better reflect its real-life counterpart.
As a SPG, it is – for the moment – restricted to the PvE mode. We are, however, running a number of internal experiments with the SPG class in order to determine whether it would be possible to return it to all the Armored Warfare modes in a heavily modified form. It is, however, too early to tell and for the foreseeable future, the Centauro 155 will stay restricted to the PvE mode. And on that terrible disappointment, it’s time to conclude today’s Vehicles in Focus article.
Today, we’re offering you a Leopard 2AV variant with leopard-like spot camouflage and a wild, beastly drawing of the eponymous predator!
Leopard 2AV, or the “Austere Version” Leopard 2 prototype, was developed for comparative testing back when the Americans and the Germans still had the idea to have a unified Main Battle Tank, following the MBT-70/Kampfpanzer 70 flop. While the Leopard 2AV fared better in the testing, the American chose the Abrams as their future MBT, eventually leading to the German decision to go their own way.
In Armored Warfare, the Leopard 2AV China is a Premium version of a Tier 6 Main Battle Tank with unique Leopard-themed camouflage and a Level 5 crew. Gameplay-wise, it’s more a sniper than anything else, much like the other Leopard series MBTs. Its powerful 105mm rifled gun makes short work of any enemy at distance and while the vehicle is not as good at sniping as dedicated Tank Destroyers, it offers solid levels of protection, making it less specialized than dedicated sniper vehicles.
To make getting to know it easier, we’ve prepared a few missions for you. Between January 9 and January 12, 2018, the following bonuses and missions will be active:
25% bonus to Commander Experience income for all battle modes
Win 3 battles in any mode to receive 3 Synthetic Oil consumables
Win 7 battles in any mode to receive 5 Platinum Global Reputation Insignia tokens
The Leopard 2AV China Premium Main Battle Tank is available from January 9 to January 23, 2018, in the following bundles:
Today, we’re offering you a Leopard 2AV variant with leopard-like spot camouflage and a wild, beastly drawing of the eponymous predator!
Leopard 2AV, or the “Austere Version” Leopard 2 prototype, was developed for comparative testing back when the Americans and the Germans still had the idea to have a unified Main Battle Tank, following the MBT-70/Kampfpanzer 70 flop. While the Leopard 2AV fared better in the testing, the American chose the Abrams as their future MBT, eventually leading to the German decision to go their own way.
In Armored Warfare, the Leopard 2AV China is a Premium version of a Tier 6 Main Battle Tank with unique Leopard-themed camouflage and a Level 5 crew. Gameplay-wise, it’s more a sniper than anything else, much like the other Leopard series MBTs. Its powerful 105mm rifled gun makes short work of any enemy at distance and while the vehicle is not as good at sniping as dedicated Tank Destroyers, it offers solid levels of protection, making it less specialized than dedicated sniper vehicles.
To make getting to know it easier, we’ve prepared a few missions for you. Between January 9 and January 12, 2018, the following bonuses and missions will be active:
25% bonus to Commander Experience income for all battle modes
Win 3 battles in any mode to receive 3 Synthetic Oil consumables
Win 7 battles in any mode to receive 5 Platinum Global Reputation Insignia tokens
The Leopard 2AV China Premium Main Battle Tank is available from January 9 to January 23, 2018, in the following bundles:
When it comes to tanks, the concept of firepower versus armor race is as old as the vehicles themselves, but it’s not as simple as using the biggest gun that the chassis can possibly carry. There are multiple elements of this equation and, over the past one hundred years of armored warfare, the tank designers have been asking the same question over and over:
“Does the tank really need that big of a gun?”
Before answering it, a number of the things have to be considered:
Battle need – does the tank really need a bigger gun? Upgrading a gun compared to existing standards leads to all sorts of secondary problems after all. For one, you don’t only need the new gun; you also need ammunition for it. If the new gun uses existing (older) ammunition, the performance increase will, naturally, be relatively small. New ammunition, however, needs to be both developed and actually produced – is it worth setting up the whole process if your enemy is using armored vehicles even your older gun can defeat with relative ease?
Sherman Firefly
Ergonomics – fitting a bigger gun into the same turret obviously reduces the space left for the crew. This can, naturally, be solved by increasing the turret size as well, but that makes the entire process more complicated by an order of magnitude. While a bigger gun can, in many cases, be put into an older turret, such a thing can drastically reduce the comfort of the crew, making the vehicle harder to operate and the crew easily fatigued. A typical example of this effect would be the Sherman Firefly – its 76,2mm 17pdr gun was an obvious upgrade compared to the old mid-velocity 75mm of the standard Sherman, but the tankers in Normandy rarely encountered German tanks heavy enough to warrant such a performance increase. On the downside, the vehicle was difficult and exhausting to operate because the Firefly turret was not made for such a big gun and became incredibly cramped. Whether the morale boost from having a Tiger killer around (when very few Tigers were actually used on the western front) was worth the hassle is a question historians argue about to this day.
Secondary gun characteristics – this is partially tied to the ergonomics part. Simply put, gun characteristics consist of more elements than just its ballistics. To destroy a target, you have to hit it first. To hit it, the gun first needs to be aimed at it. More powerful guns often carry larger breeches and have longer recoil. This, in many cases, drastically reduces the gun’s elevation and depression of the chassis since the part of the gun that’s behind the trunnions (inside the turret) simply bumps into the turret roof at some point. Gun depression is often a major problem for tanks with low turrets such as the Soviet ones. Rate of fire is important too – inside a cramped turret, a large gun can be very difficult to reload by hand due to its shell size and weight. At the caliber of 122mm, you run into the human body performance threshold – the shells start to become too heavy to load, especially inside a turret, leading to sharp drops in rate of fire and increased loader fatigue. Shells larger than 122mm typically have to be loaded mechanically – by an automatic loading mechanism. This is a problem on its own as such mechanisms are also quite complex and if they break, reloading the tank gun gets even more difficult. Another issue is that by removing one crew member (loader), you remove one quarter of the crew and an extra man comes quite handy during the 99 percent of the time that is not spent by actual fighting, but rather by maintenance and all the other tasks the soldiers have to do in war.
But, let’s put all that into a practical example.
It’s the mid-1980s and the NATO is considering what to do with the upcoming generation of Soviet Main Battle Tanks that was expected to be generally impervious to existing NATO shells. The Americans launched several programs to upgrade the Abrams tank firepower, from an upgraded 120mm smoothbore to a massive and powerful 140mm cannon.
152mm 2A83 testbed (T-72 chassis)
On the Soviet side, things were roughly the same. The expected advances in western technology forced the Soviet tank designers to consider various solutions to the firepower increase, including the increase of Soviet tank gun caliber from 125mm to 152mm.
They were fully aware of the issues this might cause – the 152mm caliber is almost impossible to load manually and a bulky (or, at least, bulkier) loading mechanism would have to be installed into Soviet tanks. The gun size increase was also considerable but, despite all these downsides, the Russians produced (during and after the Soviet era) a number of interesting prototypes.
The Russian tank development history of the late 1980s is still somewhat unclear and even the Russian sources contradict each other, but what is known is that the Soviets launched an initiative called “Sovershestvovanie-88” (Improvement-88) to produce a next generation Main Battle Tank – or at least to heavily upgrade the Soviet tank fleet. Several vehicles were designed and built during the initiative, including the ones armed with a 152mm gun.
The first Soviet 152mm tank gun project was called Object 292. It was basically a modified T-80BV, re-armed with a 152mm gun called LP-83 by the Kirov plant in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in mid-1980s. The gun was developed by the “Burevestnik” design bureau. There was a lot of controversy behind this project – the T-80 platform was initially considered to be too small to carry anything bigger than a 140mm gun and had to be modified. The gun development was not smooth either – initially, it was supposed to be a rifled gun, but developing a smoothbore was considered cheaper and technically easier, so the Soviets went with it.
Object 292
A single Object 292 prototype was built in the autumn of 1990. The subsequent tests have confirmed that the gun represented a major improvement of firepower compared to the standard 125mm 2A46 smoothbore series, including a 50 percent increase of muzzle energy. At the same time, due to its advanced construction, the gun had roughly the same recoil as the 2A46, allowing it to be installed into existing Soviet tanks. The chassis of the vehicle was stable and the vehicle performed well. However, with the breakup of the Soviet Union and the major budget cuts that followed, the vehicle was never really developed into a production variant. Its prototype stayed abandoned for years, until it was moved to the Kubinka tank museum and recently restored.
The same fate befell another advanced Soviet project called Object 195 although its history was a bit stranger. The Object 195 represented a major departure from the previous Soviet designs as it was armed with a different 152mm gun called 2A83, installed in an unmanned turret. The 2A83 gun was developed roughly at the same time as the LP-83, but by a different company – the Plant No.9 in Yekaterinburg. It was a 55 calibers long automatically loaded smoothbore gun. Thanks to its large charge, it was possible to fire APFSDS shells from it with velocities of up to 2000 m/s.
Object 195 was developed by Uralvagonzavod, but even the prominent position of the company from Nizhny Tagil couldn’t save it from budget cuts that followed the breakup of the Soviet Union. A prototype was built – that much is clear, but little information generally exists. The project was cancelled in 1991, only to be sort-of revived around the year 2000. The second phase of its development lasted until 2008 when it was cancelled again, this time for good. You can read more about it in a dedicated article.
Object 195
These two are the best known 152mm projects. There were other projects from different companies such as Kharkov’s Object 477 “Molot” that was supposed to use the LP-83 gun, but they generally ended the very same way the abovementioned two did – cancellation caused by the lack of finances after the Soviet collapse. Their history will be covered in one of the upcoming articles, but for now, let us return to the Object 195, as it was that project that formed the foundation of the T-14 development. Not directly, mind you, but solutions used in it were later on used to develop the Armata that shocked the world in 2015.
By the time the Armata was introduced to public, a lot of speculations arose whether the tank would be armed with a 125mm gun, or a 152mm one. As was written above, the 152mm gun is, in principle, compatible with platforms that can mount a 125mm smoothbore, although its introduction carries penalties of its own, namely the price. Simply put, producing and maintaining 152mm guns and ammunition is very expensive (the high energy barrel has lower life span than a 125mm one for example) and in a situation where Russia faces international sanctions and its military budget is tight, a modernized 125mm gun seems like a more rational choice.
The second aspect is the actual battle need, or, more specifically, the lack thereof. In short, there are no potential targets on the battlefield that a longer, modernized 125mm gun wouldn’t handle. The United States are still operating the same old Abrams tanks that (even in their modernized forms) are far from indestructible, as the recent Iraqi Abrams losses have shown. In Europe, the aging Leopard 2A5/2A6 variants are being gradually modernized, but much of the European MBT fleet consists of even older Leopard 2 variants of questionable combat value or, in case of former Warsaw Pact countries, modernized Soviet era equipment.
The introduction of a higher tank caliber to Russian tanks would be required only if potential enemies came up with something radically different – a brand-new cutting edge Main Battle Tank. With the American plans to keep upgrading the Abrams for at least another decade or two and with the plans for a future European MBT (often – if incorrectly – referred to as Leopard 3) still in the stage of a mere intention, the emergence of such a threat in the near future seems very unlikely.
The 2A83 gun is confirmed to have been considered at one point as the armament for the Armata platform MBT, but due to the reasons listed above, it never happened and the tank was introduced to public carrying a modern 125mm 2A82 smoothbore instead.
Compared to the 125mm 2A82 smoothbore, the 2A83:
Is almost twice as heavy (2.7 tons compared to 5 tons)
Has roughly the same muzzle velocity (around 2000 m/s)
Has much higher muzzle energy (25 MJ compared to 125mm’s 15-20 MJ)
Has roughly the same potential rate of fire using an autoloader (roughly 10 rounds per minute)
Has only one third of barrel lifespan (around 300 shots compared to 125mm’s 900 or so)
Cutting edge rounds for the 2A83 are also in development, although whether a 152mm variant of the Armata will ever be built is another matter entirely – it certainly is not unrealistic.
T-14 Armata
In Armored Warfare, we are planning at the moment to introduce two vehicles carrying the 152mm 2A83:
In the future, the Armata with a 152mm gun will return as a separate vehicle
The Object 195 MBT will appear in the future as well (although not an immediate one)
Both vehicles should introduce more diversity to high-end gameplay with their massive caliber. The actual performance of the gun will be defined by its high damage per shot at the cost of rate of fire to produce interesting and balanced vehicles.
We hope that you will enjoy them and will see you on the battlefield!
When it comes to tanks, the concept of firepower versus armor race is as old as the vehicles themselves, but it’s not as simple as using the biggest gun that the chassis can possibly carry. There are multiple elements of this equation and, over the past one hundred years of armored warfare, the tank designers have been asking the same question over and over:
“Does the tank really need that big of a gun?”
Before answering it, a number of the things have to be considered:
Battle need – does the tank really need a bigger gun? Upgrading a gun compared to existing standards leads to all sorts of secondary problems after all. For one, you don’t only need the new gun; you also need ammunition for it. If the new gun uses existing (older) ammunition, the performance increase will, naturally, be relatively small. New ammunition, however, needs to be both developed and actually produced – is it worth setting up the whole process if your enemy is using armored vehicles even your older gun can defeat with relative ease?
Sherman Firefly
Ergonomics – fitting a bigger gun into the same turret obviously reduces the space left for the crew. This can, naturally, be solved by increasing the turret size as well, but that makes the entire process more complicated by an order of magnitude. While a bigger gun can, in many cases, be put into an older turret, such a thing can drastically reduce the comfort of the crew, making the vehicle harder to operate and the crew easily fatigued. A typical example of this effect would be the Sherman Firefly – its 76,2mm 17pdr gun was an obvious upgrade compared to the old mid-velocity 75mm of the standard Sherman, but the tankers in Normandy rarely encountered German tanks heavy enough to warrant such a performance increase. On the downside, the vehicle was difficult and exhausting to operate because the Firefly turret was not made for such a big gun and became incredibly cramped. Whether the morale boost from having a Tiger killer around (when very few Tigers were actually used on the western front) was worth the hassle is a question historians argue about to this day.
Secondary gun characteristics – this is partially tied to the ergonomics part. Simply put, gun characteristics consist of more elements than just its ballistics. To destroy a target, you have to hit it first. To hit it, the gun first needs to be aimed at it. More powerful guns often carry larger breeches and have longer recoil. This, in many cases, drastically reduces the gun’s elevation and depression of the chassis since the part of the gun that’s behind the trunnions (inside the turret) simply bumps into the turret roof at some point. Gun depression is often a major problem for tanks with low turrets such as the Soviet ones. Rate of fire is important too – inside a cramped turret, a large gun can be very difficult to reload by hand due to its shell size and weight. At the caliber of 122mm, you run into the human body performance threshold – the shells start to become too heavy to load, especially inside a turret, leading to sharp drops in rate of fire and increased loader fatigue. Shells larger than 122mm typically have to be loaded mechanically – by an automatic loading mechanism. This is a problem on its own as such mechanisms are also quite complex and if they break, reloading the tank gun gets even more difficult. Another issue is that by removing one crew member (loader), you remove one quarter of the crew and an extra man comes quite handy during the 99 percent of the time that is not spent by actual fighting, but rather by maintenance and all the other tasks the soldiers have to do in war.
But, let’s put all that into a practical example.
It’s the mid-1980s and the NATO is considering what to do with the upcoming generation of Soviet Main Battle Tanks that was expected to be generally impervious to existing NATO shells. The Americans launched several programs to upgrade the Abrams tank firepower, from an upgraded 120mm smoothbore to a massive and powerful 140mm cannon.
152mm 2A83 testbed (T-72 chassis)
On the Soviet side, things were roughly the same. The expected advances in western technology forced the Soviet tank designers to consider various solutions to the firepower increase, including the increase of Soviet tank gun caliber from 125mm to 152mm.
They were fully aware of the issues this might cause – the 152mm caliber is almost impossible to load manually and a bulky (or, at least, bulkier) loading mechanism would have to be installed into Soviet tanks. The gun size increase was also considerable but, despite all these downsides, the Russians produced (during and after the Soviet era) a number of interesting prototypes.
The Russian tank development history of the late 1980s is still somewhat unclear and even the Russian sources contradict each other, but what is known is that the Soviets launched an initiative called “Sovershestvovanie-88” (Improvement-88) to produce a next generation Main Battle Tank – or at least to heavily upgrade the Soviet tank fleet. Several vehicles were designed and built during the initiative, including the ones armed with a 152mm gun.
The first Soviet 152mm tank gun project was called Object 292. It was basically a modified T-80BV, re-armed with a 152mm gun called LP-83 by the Kirov plant in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in mid-1980s. The gun was developed by the “Burevestnik” design bureau. There was a lot of controversy behind this project – the T-80 platform was initially considered to be too small to carry anything bigger than a 140mm gun and had to be modified. The gun development was not smooth either – initially, it was supposed to be a rifled gun, but developing a smoothbore was considered cheaper and technically easier, so the Soviets went with it.
Object 292
A single Object 292 prototype was built in the autumn of 1990. The subsequent tests have confirmed that the gun represented a major improvement of firepower compared to the standard 125mm 2A46 smoothbore series, including a 50 percent increase of muzzle energy. At the same time, due to its advanced construction, the gun had roughly the same recoil as the 2A46, allowing it to be installed into existing Soviet tanks. The chassis of the vehicle was stable and the vehicle performed well. However, with the breakup of the Soviet Union and the major budget cuts that followed, the vehicle was never really developed into a production variant. Its prototype stayed abandoned for years, until it was moved to the Kubinka tank museum and recently restored.
The same fate befell another advanced Soviet project called Object 195 although its history was a bit stranger. The Object 195 represented a major departure from the previous Soviet designs as it was armed with a different 152mm gun called 2A83, installed in an unmanned turret. The 2A83 gun was developed roughly at the same time as the LP-83, but by a different company – the Plant No.9 in Yekaterinburg. It was a 55 calibers long automatically loaded smoothbore gun. Thanks to its large charge, it was possible to fire APFSDS shells from it with velocities of up to 2000 m/s.
Object 195 was developed by Uralvagonzavod, but even the prominent position of the company from Nizhny Tagil couldn’t save it from budget cuts that followed the breakup of the Soviet Union. A prototype was built – that much is clear, but little information generally exists. The project was cancelled in 1991, only to be sort-of revived around the year 2000. The second phase of its development lasted until 2008 when it was cancelled again, this time for good. You can read more about it in a dedicated article.
Object 195
These two are the best known 152mm projects. There were other projects from different companies such as Kharkov’s Object 477 “Molot” that was supposed to use the LP-83 gun, but they generally ended the very same way the abovementioned two did – cancellation caused by the lack of finances after the Soviet collapse. Their history will be covered in one of the upcoming articles, but for now, let us return to the Object 195, as it was that project that formed the foundation of the T-14 development. Not directly, mind you, but solutions used in it were later on used to develop the Armata that shocked the world in 2015.
By the time the Armata was introduced to public, a lot of speculations arose whether the tank would be armed with a 125mm gun, or a 152mm one. As was written above, the 152mm gun is, in principle, compatible with platforms that can mount a 125mm smoothbore, although its introduction carries penalties of its own, namely the price. Simply put, producing and maintaining 152mm guns and ammunition is very expensive (the high energy barrel has lower life span than a 125mm one for example) and in a situation where Russia faces international sanctions and its military budget is tight, a modernized 125mm gun seems like a more rational choice.
The second aspect is the actual battle need, or, more specifically, the lack thereof. In short, there are no potential targets on the battlefield that a longer, modernized 125mm gun wouldn’t handle. The United States are still operating the same old Abrams tanks that (even in their modernized forms) are far from indestructible, as the recent Iraqi Abrams losses have shown. In Europe, the aging Leopard 2A5/2A6 variants are being gradually modernized, but much of the European MBT fleet consists of even older Leopard 2 variants of questionable combat value or, in case of former Warsaw Pact countries, modernized Soviet era equipment.
The introduction of a higher tank caliber to Russian tanks would be required only if potential enemies came up with something radically different – a brand-new cutting edge Main Battle Tank. With the American plans to keep upgrading the Abrams for at least another decade or two and with the plans for a future European MBT (often – if incorrectly – referred to as Leopard 3) still in the stage of a mere intention, the emergence of such a threat in the near future seems very unlikely.
The 2A83 gun is confirmed to have been considered at one point as the armament for the Armata platform MBT, but due to the reasons listed above, it never happened and the tank was introduced to public carrying a modern 125mm 2A82 smoothbore instead.
Compared to the 125mm 2A82 smoothbore, the 2A83:
Is almost twice as heavy (2.7 tons compared to 5 tons)
Has roughly the same muzzle velocity (around 2000 m/s)
Has much higher muzzle energy (25 MJ compared to 125mm’s 15-20 MJ)
Has roughly the same potential rate of fire using an autoloader (roughly 10 rounds per minute)
Has only one third of barrel lifespan (around 300 shots compared to 125mm’s 900 or so)
Cutting edge rounds for the 2A83 are also in development, although whether a 152mm variant of the Armata will ever be built is another matter entirely – it certainly is not unrealistic.
T-14 Armata
In Armored Warfare, we are planning at the moment to introduce two vehicles carrying the 152mm 2A83:
In the future, the Armata with a 152mm gun will return as a separate vehicle
The Object 195 MBT will appear in the future as well (although not an immediate one)
Both vehicles should introduce more diversity to high-end gameplay with their massive caliber. The actual performance of the gun will be defined by its high damage per shot at the cost of rate of fire to produce interesting and balanced vehicles.
We hope that you will enjoy them and will see you on the battlefield!
In Update 0.23 “Caribbean Crisis”, we’ve introduced an updated Dossier window, allowing you to check your player and vehicle statistics as well as your medals, achievements and replays.
The new Dossier section was designed with two goals in mind. First – to overhaul the interface to the new standard that we are almost finished introducing.
Secondly, and perhaps even more important, we wanted to offer as much data as possible for dedicated players to parse through, in an easy-to-understand manner. We hope that you will find the detailed features of the new Dossier useful.
The Dossier window consists of the following sections:
Profile
Statistics
Vehicles
Achievements
History
The Profile section is the basic summary of your Dossier. Here, you can see a number of basic data, such as your amounts of battles played in each mode, your overall winrates, your selected avatar, your title and your favorite Tier and vehicle class.
In the Statistics section, you can see a detailed overview of your statistics as a player. It is separated by different game modes which can be selected by using the pull-down menu on the right side of the screen.
The Vehicles section shows the same detailed statistics, but separated by vehicles. On the left side of the screen, you can select the vehicle the statistics of which you want to view – vehicles can be sorted by their names, tier, dealer, amount of battles played or winrate.
The Achievements section shows, as its name suggests, all sorts of achievements. In Armored Warfare, achievements come with special rewards. Some achievements can be only obtained once and some have multiple levels with increasing rewards. Some very difficult achievements also come with decals and camouflage patterns. Inspect every achievement to learn of its conditions. Please note that some achievements are hidden and don’t appear in the tab until you meet their requirements. Uncovering hidden achievements is half the fun!
Finally, the History section shows a detailed list of your past matches with their results. This is where you manage the Replay function of the game that allows you to watch past matches. Please note that to review older matches:
Your recording has to be enabled (by pressing the Enable Recording button above the results table)
The battle you want to watch must have taken place in the same version of the client you are currently running. Replays of old matches become unavailable with new updates implemented to the game due to the fact that the game’s parameters change and the replay would no longer perform as intended
Please note that you can also watch replays of other players by downloading them (for example from the forums where players brag about their achievements) and putting them in a dedicated directory.
Finally, replays are very useful for reporting players breaking the rules to My.com support service – for some offenses, replays form a mandatory part of any support ticket.
In Update 0.23 “Caribbean Crisis”, we’ve introduced an updated Dossier window, allowing you to check your player and vehicle statistics as well as your medals, achievements and replays.
The new Dossier section was designed with two goals in mind. First – to overhaul the interface to the new standard that we are almost finished introducing.
Secondly, and perhaps even more important, we wanted to offer as much data as possible for dedicated players to parse through, in an easy-to-understand manner. We hope that you will find the detailed features of the new Dossier useful.
The Dossier window consists of the following sections:
Profile
Statistics
Vehicles
Achievements
History
The Profile section is the basic summary of your Dossier. Here, you can see a number of basic data, such as your amounts of battles played in each mode, your overall winrates, your selected avatar, your title and your favorite Tier and vehicle class.
In the Statistics section, you can see a detailed overview of your statistics as a player. It is separated by different game modes which can be selected by using the pull-down menu on the right side of the screen.
The Vehicles section shows the same detailed statistics, but separated by vehicles. On the left side of the screen, you can select the vehicle the statistics of which you want to view – vehicles can be sorted by their names, tier, dealer, amount of battles played or winrate.
The Achievements section shows, as its name suggests, all sorts of achievements. In Armored Warfare, achievements come with special rewards. Some achievements can be only obtained once and some have multiple levels with increasing rewards. Some very difficult achievements also come with decals and camouflage patterns. Inspect every achievement to learn of its conditions. Please note that some achievements are hidden and don’t appear in the tab until you meet their requirements. Uncovering hidden achievements is half the fun!
Finally, the History section shows a detailed list of your past matches with their results. This is where you manage the Replay function of the game that allows you to watch past matches. Please note that to review older matches:
Your recording has to be enabled (by pressing the Enable Recording button above the results table)
The battle you want to watch must have taken place in the same version of the client you are currently running. Replays of old matches become unavailable with new updates implemented to the game due to the fact that the game’s parameters change and the replay would no longer perform as intended
Please note that you can also watch replays of other players by downloading them (for example from the forums where players brag about their achievements) and putting them in a dedicated directory.
Finally, replays are very useful for reporting players breaking the rules to My.com support service – for some offenses, replays form a mandatory part of any support ticket.
On the 5th of January 2018, starting from 7:00 CET (4th of January, 10 PM PST), the Open Beta servers will not be available for 2 hours due to database maintenance.
A number of players are currently experiencing problems with logging to Armored Warfare servers correctly due to an issue that occurs during the login process. The purpose of this maintenance is to correct the said issue.
On the 5th of January 2018, starting from 7:00 CET (4th of January, 10 PM PST), the Open Beta servers will not be available for 2 hours due to database maintenance.
A number of players are currently experiencing problems with logging to Armored Warfare servers correctly due to an issue that occurs during the login process. The purpose of this maintenance is to correct the said issue.